The Gene Ontology Annotation database (GOA): A community resource of GO annotations to the UniProt Knowledgebase

The Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/GOA) provides highquality electronic and manual annotations to the UniProt Knowledgebase using the standardized vocabulary of the Gene Ontology (GO). As a supplementary archive of GO annotation, GOA promotes a high level of integration of the knowledge represented in UniProt with other databases. This is achieved by converting UniProt annotation into a recognized computational format. GOA provides annotated entries for over 92,000 species (GOA-UniProt) and is one of the largest and most comprehensive open-source contributor of annotations to the GO Consortium annotation effort. By integrating GO annotations from other model organism groups, GOA consolidates specialized knowledge and expertise to ensure the data remain a key reference for up-to-date biological information. Furthermore, the GOA database fully endorses the Human Proteomics Initiative by prioritizing the annotation of proteins likely to benefit human health and disease. In addition to a non-redundant set of annotations to the human proteome (GOA-Human) and monthly releases of its GO annotation for all species (GOA-UniProt), a series of GO mapping files and specific cross-references in other databases are also regularly distributed. GOA can be queried through a simple web interface or downloaded from EBI and GO FTP websites. The GOA data set can be used to enhance the annotation of particular model organism or gene expression data sets, although increasingly it has been used to evaluate GO predictions generated from text mining or protein interaction experiments. Researchers wishing to query or contribute to the GOA project are encouraged to email: [email protected].